10.EARTH PRESSURE

Whenever there is a need of retaining wall design then the earth pressure has to be calculated. Earth pressure is nothing but the pressure acting on the wall from a backfilled soil. The pressure acting on the wall will vary depending upon the soil, back fill position, wall surface, angle of internal friction etc. The design should satisfy all the above conditions to prove it is safe. There are three co-efficient used to calculate earth pressure.

          They are given below…

1.     Co-efficient of Earth pressure:

    Active Earth pressure Co-efficient (K_a)

          It occurs when the retaining wall moves away from the backfill. The pressure of soil Acts on retaining wall.

 

 Passive Earth pressure Co-efficient (P_a)               

          It occurs when the Retaining wall move towards the backfill. The pressure of wall acts on back fill.

                   

 Co-efficient of earth pressure @ rest

          When there is no movement of the wall then the pressure acting is calculated as below

               Co-efficient of earth pressure at rest

2.      Inclined Backfill:

                    Sometimes the back fill is inclined to the normal of retaining wall.

Then the coefficient of earth pressures will be calculated as

   3.     Earth Pressure  for Non-Cohesive soil:

                   

          These co-efficient are effectively used for non-cohesive soil.

4.   Earth Pressure for Cohesive soil:

          When the cohesion presence, then the cohesion also to be considered for the design.

                 

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